Arctic and Antarctic Mysteries

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Gary Oak
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Arctic and Antarctic Mysteries

Post: # 159297Unread post Gary Oak »

I wonder if any amazing discoveries will be made in Antarctica by melting ice that has hidden things for many millenia ?

Mysterious and Monstrous Hole Appears in Antarctic Ice, Perplexing Scientists © AP Photo/
ENVIRONMENT


A gigantic hole has appeared in the Antarctic ice, and scientists are baffled as to why it has formed. The hole, comparable in size to Austria or Maine, appeared without warning and without any apparent reason.
Holes form in Antarctica all the time. They're called polynyas, and they form in the sea ice that lines the Antarctic coast. The circulation of warm water or ocean currents causes the hole to form, and the polynya usually disappears after a few months.

But this hole didn't form along the Antarctic coastline, where all the sea ice is. Instead, it's hundreds of miles inland. Speaking to Motherboard, professor of atmospheric physics Kent Moore with the University of Toronto called the massive hole "quite remarkable," like someone "punched a hole in the ice."

A mountain range near Russia's Novolazarevskaya station in the Antarctic.

Hot Spot in a Cold Place: 91 Volcanoes Discovered Below Antarctic Ice Sheet
"This is hundreds of kilometres from the ice edge. If we didn't have a satellite, we wouldn't know it was there," Moore said, adding that the polynya was 80,000 square kilometers (30,900 square miles) in area.

The same spot was the site of a polynya 40 years ago, according to Moore. However, the hole went largely unstudied due to limitations of observational instruments in the 1970s. The polynya opened back in September, according to Moore. "In the depths of winter, for more than a month, we've had this area of open water. It's just remarkable that this polynya went away for 40 years and then came back."

Moore, who is also a member of Princeton University's Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modelling project (SOCCOM), said that climatologists are excited for another opportunity to study the mysterious hole in the ice."Compared to 40 years ago, the amount of data we have is amazing," he said. "At that time, the scientific community had just launched the first satellites that provided images of the sea-ice cover from space."

A section of an iceberg – about 6,000 sq km – broke away as part of the natural cycle of iceberg calving off the Larsen-C ice shelf in Antarctica in this satellite image released by the European Space Agency on July 12, 2017.

Massive 100-Mile Iceberg Breaks Off Antarctica, Reveals Worrying Glacial Retreat
The kneejerk for both scientists and the public is to blame the polynya on climate change, but Moore called that "premature" since the hole has recurred since the 1970s, and possibly even before that.

However, the polynya will affect oceans worldwide. "Once the sea ice melts back, you have this huge temperature contrast between the ocean and the atmosphere," he explained to Motherboard. "It can start driving convection," the process by which warm water rises to the surface of the ocean, "which can keep the polynya open once it starts."

Because of this feedback loop of warm water rising to the surface as a result of the polynya, it may be a long while before it closes again. "We don't really understand the long-term impacts this polynya will have," Moore told National Geographic.

https://sputniknews.com/environment/201 ... cientists/


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Post: # 159951Unread post Gary Oak »

I ownder if actual frozen long extinct trees and other plants will be found ? Frozen bugs ? etc.... as the ice sheets recede.

Prehistoric Antarctica forest fossils offer scientists ‘glimpse of life before the extinction’

Scientists exploring the frozen wilderness of Antarctica have discovered new fossils that provide further detail about the 260 million-year-old forests that existed there long before dinosaurs roamed the Earth.
During the Antarctic summer, which lasts from late November through January, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (UWM) geologists Erik Gulbranson and John Isbell scaled the frozen peaks of the McIntyre Promontory Transantarctic Mountains.

By the time their expedition ended, the pair had uncovered fossil fragments of 13 long deceased trees dating from the end of the Permian Period, some 260 million years ago. This was a period of great flux for our planet, when more than 90 percent of all species on Earth vanished in what’s known as history’s greatest mass extinction event.

“This forest is a glimpse of life before the extinction, which can help us understand what caused the event,” Gulbranson said in a university press release.

“People have known about the fossils in Antarctica since the 1910-12 Robert Falcon Scott expedition,” he added. “However, most of Antarctica is still unexplored. Sometimes, you might be the first person to ever climb a particular mountain.”

At the time of the Antarctic forest, Earth was a very different place. The continent was obviously a lot warmer and more humid than it is today. In fact, it wasn’t even its own landmass, instead, forming part of a massive supercontinent called Gondwana which composed of South America, Africa, India, Australia and the Arabian Peninsula.

READ MORE: 'This is crazy': Antarctic supervolcano melting ice sheet from within

Gondwana was home to a variety of mosses, ferns and an extinct plant called Glossopteris, and the pair think it’s likely that the prehistoric forest stretched across the entirety of the supercontinent.

“This plant group must have been capable of surviving and thriving in a variety of environments,” Gulbranson said. “It’s extremely rare, even today, for a group to appear across nearly an entire hemisphere of the globe.”

https://www.rt.com/news/409581-prehisto ... t-fossils/
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Post: # 159955Unread post Blue Frost »

I would love to have access to the fossils, and see the data on the finds. I used to go out looking for rocks, and fossils, it's fun, and amazing stuff.
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Post: # 159956Unread post Gary Oak »

I wonder if any pre flood humans have been found ? If there has would they be so different that they would keep it secret as they would expose the lies they tell us ? Maybe they will find one. The flood happened yet we are told we just all were bushmen until about 5 to 7 thousand years ago. I believe that Graham Hancock in his book magicians of the Gods told the world what really happened.
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Post: # 159957Unread post Blue Frost »

Man is older than thought, just a few weeks back I read an article where they are proving more, and more about our more ancient past.
Like I always say, man has been here a long time, come, and almost gone also from disasters where our past is buried.
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Post: # 164192Unread post Gary Oak »

Could it be underwater volcanoes or perhaps even an underwater base testing....something ? :think:

Unexplained holes in Arctic sea ice appear in new NASA aerial photography

http://strangesounds.org/2018/04/unexpl ... raphy.html
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Post: # 164199Unread post Blue Frost »

Whales, and other sea life have been known to make holes for air in the ice like that since some get stuff to far from open waters. They can become quite large over a few weeks, or months.
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Post: # 164200Unread post Blue Frost »

[video][/video]
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Post: # 164214Unread post Gary Oaktree »

I have seen this a number of times and it still is amazing to see
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Post: # 164215Unread post Blue Frost »

Seals have a small hole usually, but with a warmer week, or so they holes get much bigger, the holes shown in the article look to have melted, and froze up several times in my opinion.
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Post: # 165390Unread post Gary Oak »

If you open the page and look at the "rendering of the mountains and canyons below the ice" it does appear that if this geagraphy was in a tropical latitude that it would look surreal.

Mind-Boggling Canyons Discovered Beneath Antarctica's Ice

Antarctica’s icy mantle hides a truly fantastical world, and we’re still trying to understand its contours. Case in point: a new study has revealed three monstrous canyons on par with the Grand Canyon. The discovery is both wow-worthy and vital to understanding what will happen to Antarctica’s ice as it melts.

Scientists have long wondered what’s under the ice near the South Pole. Ice-penetrating satellites have helped researchers get a grip on the bedrock in other parts of the Antarctic, but their paths don’t take them over the pole. The gap—dubbed the polar hole—is basically here be dragons territory for ice researchers.

But understanding the region’s under-ice topography is important, because it can tell researchers how the West and East Antarctic Ice Sheets—the continent’s two main stores of ice—interact with each other and how the rate of ice flowing to their margins may change. That’s particularly important in West Antarctica, where some coastal glaciers could be entering an extremely unstable state, increasing the risk of catastrophic sea level rise.

To get a grip on this under-ice terra incognita, scientists flew a plane with radar over the pole. The results, published this month in Geophysical Research Letters, show that in addition to the mountains the researchers expected to find, there are three gaping canyons between them, of which two have never been observed before.

“We expected to find mountainous subglacial topography but the size of the troughs did come as a surprise because we had no indication that they were there,” Kate Winter, a researcher at Northumbria University who led the study, told Earther.

The biggest of the troughs—dubbed Foundation Trough—is 350 kilometers (218 miles) long, up to 35 kilometers (22 miles) wide, and 2,000 meters (6,260 feet) deep. For a little perspective, the Grand Canyon runs 446 kilometers (277 miles) long and maxes out at 28.8 kilometers (18 miles) wide and 1,829 meters (6,000 feet) deep.


A rendering of the mountains and canyons below the ice.
Image: Tom Jordan/Northumbria University
The other two sub-ice canyons—named the Patuxent Trough and Offset Rift Basin—are also impressive in scale, making this one of the more exciting Antarctic discoveries in a while.

“[It’s] still amazing that there are pieces of out planet we do not even know what the topography looks like,” Robin Bell, an Antarctic expert at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, told Earther.

But this study is about far more than the cool factor. The canyons are near a major divide that separates East and West Antarctica. Understanding the topography there can inform scientists about how changes on either side of the continent could affect the other.

West Antarctica in particular has been an ongoing area of concern for scientists. Warm water has been nibbling away at its edges, creating more unstable conditions for the remaining ice. Some research has suggested that it could eventually create conditions ripe for the collapse of the coastal glaciers holding back the larger ice sheet. That could cause seas to rise at least 10 feet.

That won’t all happen at once, of course, and the new research is one way for researchers to understand how long it could take. In looking at the what’s in the ice layers, Winter said the ice around the divide has likely been stable for millennia. The topography also shows that it’s unlikely that ice from East Antarctica could start to flow toward West Antarctica if that region goes into a full blown meltdown. This is good. But the canyons could speed the meltdown itself. This is not good.

“If the West Antarctic Ice Sheet starts to thin and shrink in size, an increase in the speed at which ice flows through these troughs could lead to the ice divide moving and increase the rate at which ice flows out from the center of West Antarctica to its edges,” Winter said.

The next step is to work out the details of how these processes could play out, something Winter said she and the other researchers on the study plan to do by working with ice modelers.

“Knowing where ice can come from helps us understand how the ice will change in the future,” Bell said.

https://earther.com/mind-boggling-canyo ... 1826331561
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Post: # 165398Unread post Blue Frost »

If the earth shifts like many think it could hold a massive amount of fossils that contains warm weather animals, and plants, or maybe an ancient people that lived there.
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Post: # 165401Unread post Gary Oaktree »

If their are remains of ancient people in Antarctica many history books will have to be rewritten. I am sure there will be many amazing things found.
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Post: # 165406Unread post Blue Frost »

If there are they wouldn't be what we call human today, just an earlier version.
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Post: # 168706Unread post Gary Oak »

The first time that I saw the northern lights they were red but all the other times they were green. They are a beautiful sight. This article states that the beautiful red auroras are caused by more increased energy. Could this be a solar flare ?

That’s amazing, the Arctic sky has turned red!

http://strangesounds.org/2018/10/thats- ... d-red.html

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Post: # 168717Unread post Blue Frost »

I always wanted to go to a place like that to see the lights, and snuggle up with someone special.
I have seen videos, and listened to the sounds some make, it seems very interesting if not almost magical.
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Post: # 171800Unread post Gary Oak »

These beings aren't monsters but they are new to science.

Deep under ice it dwells: Scientists find ‘fully unexpected’ signs of life in subglacial Antarctic

https://www.rt.com/news/449339-antarcti ... under-ice/
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Post: # 173934Unread post Gary Oak »

These jade green isebergs are an amazing sight.


Mystery behind emerald green ‘jade icebergs’ solved (PHOTOS, VIDEO)


https://www.rt.com/news/453341-mystery- ... -revealed/

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Post: # 178656Unread post Gary Oak »

Now here’s a beautiful deep blue iceberg. https://mymodernmet.com/alex-cornell-an ... 3redZLfSHo

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Post: # 178669Unread post Blue Frost »

That's some old ice there, and from a deep pack.
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